---
title: Leah gives a talk to her mates, then the same talk to the governors.… — Spoken language: presenting and show-a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Leah gives a talk to her mates, then the same talk to the governors. What should change? Test 10 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Test 10 · Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leah gives a talk to her mates, then the same talk to the governors. What should change?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Leah · **What happens:** give, change · **To what, where:** talk, mates

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Leah gives a talk to her mates, then the same talk to the governors.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t10:1
# text = Leah gives a talk to her mates, then the same talk to the governors.
1	Leah	Leah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mates	mate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	governors	governor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Leah | a talk | Leah's mates |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent talk=Theme to mate=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should change?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t10:2
# text = What should change?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	change	change	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | should |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing; one talk fits every audience

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t10:o1:1
# text = Nothing; one talk fits every audience
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fits	fit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | present | one talk | every audience |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent audience=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her words: chatty for mates, formal for governors

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t10:o2:1
# text = Her words: chatty for mates, formal for governors
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	chatty	chatty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mates	mate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	governors	governor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **word** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The facts, which can be made up for governors

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t10:o3:1
# text = The facts, which can be made up for governors
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	governors	governor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make up** | can · passive |  | the facts |  |  |  | for governors | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only the font size on her slides

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t10:o4:1
# text = Only the font size on her slides
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	font	font	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	slides	slide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Spoken language: presenting and show-a…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/t9/)
- next →: [Spoken language: presenting and show-a…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/t11/)
- ↑ back to [Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/)