---
title: Bradley, Gen Alpha: "My talk's sigma, no cap, I don't need practice.… — Spoken language: presenting and show-a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Bradley, Gen Alpha: "My talk's sigma, no cap, I don't need practice." ("No cap" means no lie; "sigma" is slang for cool and needing nobody.) What is true? Test 3 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and 
---

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# Test 3 · Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bradley, Gen Alpha: "My talk's sigma, no cap, I don't need practice." ("No cap" means no lie; "sigma" is slang for cool and needing nobody.) What is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** I, My, cap, sigma · **What happens:** not need, talk, mean, be, need · **To what, where:** practice, lie, slang, nobody

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Bradley, Gen Alpha: "My talk's sigma, no cap, I don't need practice."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t3:1
# text = Bradley, Gen Alpha: "My talk's sigma, no cap, I don't need practice."
1	Bradley	Bradley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	Gen	Gen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Alpha	Alpha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	sigma	sigma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
19	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** *in a quote* | present · do-support | I | practice |  |  |  | Bradley *vocative* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot practice=Theme |
| 2 | **talk** *in a quote* |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom talk «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("No cap" means no lie; "sigma" is slang for cool and needing nobody.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t3:2
# text = ("No cap" means no lie; "sigma" is slang for cool and needing nobody.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	sigma	sigma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	needing	need	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	_
19	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | no cap | no lie |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | sigma | slang |  |  |  | for cool | tree rules |
| 3 | **need** | gerund | sigma *not said here* | nobody |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot nobody=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t3:3
# text = What is true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Confident people never need to rehearse

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t3:o1:1
# text = Confident people never need to rehearse
1	Confident	confident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rehearse	rehearse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** | present | Confident people |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **rehearse** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Confident people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practising makes a talk sound worse

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t3:o2:1
# text = Practising makes a talk sound worse
1	Practising	practise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | a talk sound |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practice is only for nervous people

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t3:o3:1
# text = Practice is only for nervous people
1	Practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Practice |  |  |  |  | for nervous people | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even confident speakers improve with practice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t3:o4:1
# text = Even confident speakers improve with practice
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	confident	confident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	improve	improve	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | present | confident speakers |  |  |  |  | with practice | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with practice=Instrument |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/)