---
title: Dev, who speaks Indian English, says, "Kindly prepone my talk to Mon… — Spoken language: presenting and show-a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Dev, who speaks Indian English, says, "Kindly prepone my talk to Monday." ("Prepone" means move earlier.) When does Dev want to speak? Test 7 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the qu
---

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# Test 7 · Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dev, who speaks Indian English, says, "Kindly prepone my talk to Monday." ("Prepone" means move earlier.) When does Dev want to speak?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Dev, my, Prepone · **What happens:** speak, say, talk, mean, move, want · **To what, where:** Indian English · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Dev, who speaks Indian English, says, "Kindly prepone my talk to Monday."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t7:1
# text = Dev, who speaks Indian English, says, "Kindly prepone my talk to Monday."
1	Dev	Dev	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Kindly	kindly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	prepone	prepone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
13	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Dev | Indian English |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Dev |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **talk** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  | to Monday | nom talk «communication intransitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Prepone" means move earlier.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t7:2
# text = ("Prepone" means move earlier.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Prepone	prepone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Prepone |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **move** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* When does Dev want to speak?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t7:3
# text = When does Dev want to speak?
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Dev	Dev	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present · do-support | Dev |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Dev *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Later, after Monday

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t7:o1:1
# text = Later, after Monday
1	Later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Earlier, on Monday

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t7:o2:1
# text = Earlier, on Monday
1	Earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the same time as planned

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t7:o3:1
# text = At the same time as planned
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	planned	plan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | participle |  | the same time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never; he is cancelling

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell:t7:o4:1
# text = Never; he is cancelling
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	cancelling	cancell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cancell** | present · progressive | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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