---
title: It is given that a pupil of six years frequently reverses the letter… — Handwriting: holding the pencil and jo… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a pupil of six years frequently reverses the letters b and d. Select the response consistent with the established facts. Exam question 3 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Exam question 3 · Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a pupil of six years frequently reverses the letters b and d. Select the response consistent with the established facts.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** pupil, letters, d. · **What happens:** give, reverse, b, select, establish · **To what, where:** It, response

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:e3:1
# text = It is given that a pupil of six years frequently reverses the letters b and d. Select the response consistent with the established facts.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	reverses	reverse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	b	b	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	d.	D.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	Select	select	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **reverse** | present | a pupil of six years |  |  |  |  | frequently *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **b** | present | the letters |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **select** | infinitive | d. | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 5 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such reversals are common at that age and do not of themselves indicate dyslexia

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:e3:o1:1
# text = Such reversals are common at that age and do not of themselves indicate dyslexia
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	nsubj	_	_
13	indicate	indicate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	dyslexia	dyslexia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Such reversals |  |  |  | at that age | common *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive | Such reversals *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **indicate** | present | reversals *= reversal* | dyslexia |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dyslexia=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such reversals conclusively demonstrate the presence of dyslexia

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:e3:o2:1
# text = Such reversals conclusively demonstrate the presence of dyslexia
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dyslexia	dyslexia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **demonstrate** | present | Such reversals | the presence of dyslexia |  |  |  | conclusively *property* | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot presence=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such reversals indicate a defect of eyesight requiring immediate treatment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:e3:o3:1
# text = Such reversals indicate a defect of eyesight requiring immediate treatment
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	indicate	indicate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	eyesight	eyesight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	requiring	require	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | Such reversals | a defect of eyesight |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot defect=Topic |
| 2 | **require** | gerund | eyesight *not said here* | immediate treatment |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme treatment=Precondition |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such reversals are unknown among pupils of that age

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:e3:o4:1
# text = Such reversals are unknown among pupils of that age
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reversals	reversal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Such reversals |  |  |  |  | among pupils of that age; unknown *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/)