---
title: What would happen if Nate kept leaving no spaces between words? — Handwriting: holding the pencil and jo… · tree and pragmatics
description: What would happen if Nate kept leaving no spaces between words? Test 4 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What would happen if Nate kept leaving no spaces between words?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Nate · **What happens:** happen, keep, leave · **To what, where:** spaces, words

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t4:1
# text = What would happen if Nate kept leaving no spaces between words?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	Nate	Nate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	spaces	space	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | would |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | Nate |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | gerund | Nate *not said here* | no spaces |  | words |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent space=Theme between word=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Readers would struggle to find where words begin and end

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t4:o1:1
# text = Readers would struggle to find where words begin and end
1	Readers	reader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	struggle	struggle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	begin	begin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle** | would | Readers |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Readers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **begin** | present | words |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **end** | present | words *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His spelling marks would go up, because no spaces means no mistakes between words

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t4:o2:1
# text = His spelling marks would go up, because no spaces means no mistakes between words
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	spaces	space	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	between	between	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | would | His spelling marks |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **mean** | present | no spaces | no mistakes |  |  |  | between words | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Topic |
| 3 | **mark** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His writing would be read twice as fast

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t4:o3:1
# text = His writing would be read twice as fast
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | would · passive |  | His writing |  |  |  | fast, twice *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **write** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, readers can always see where words end

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t4:o4:1
# text = Nothing, readers can always see where words end
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	readers	reader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can | Nothing readers |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **end** | present | words |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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