---
title: «lush that, cariad, but why've you got capitals in the middle?» What… — Handwriting: holding the pencil and jo… · tree and pragmatics
description: «lush that, cariad, but why've you got capitals in the middle?» What should the child fix? Test 7 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Test 7 · Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«lush that, cariad, but why've you got capitals in the middle?» What should the child fix?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, child · **What happens:** lush, get, fix · **To what, where:** that, capitals, middle

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 5 «Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «lush that, cariad, but why've you got capitals in the middle?»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t7:1
# text = «lush that, cariad, but why've you got capitals in the middle?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	lush	lush	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	cariad	cariad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	capitals	capital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lush** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | that |  |  |  | cariad *vocative* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** *in a quote* | present | you | capitals |  | the middle |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer capital=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should the child fix?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t7:2
# text = What should the child fix?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | should | the child |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent what=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make every letter a capital

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t7:o1:1
# text = Make every letter a capital
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | every letter |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset letter=Product |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remove all capital letters, even at the start

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t7:o2:1
# text = Remove all capital letters, even at the start
1	Remove	remove	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | imperative | you *not said here* | all capital letters |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use capitals only at the start of sentences and names

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t7:o3:1
# text = Use capitals only at the start of sentences and names
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	capitals	capital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | capitals |  | the start of sentences and names |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | sentences and names |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put capitals at the end of words

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up:t7:o4:1
# text = Put capitals at the end of words
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	capitals	capital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | capitals |  |  | at the end of words |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent capital=Theme at end=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Handwriting: holding the pencil and joining up](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/5-handwriting-holding-the-pencil-and-joining-up/)