---
title: Identify the principle stated to govern UKLO puzzles concerning prio… — Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principle stated to govern UKLO puzzles concerning prior knowledge of the language. Exam question 1 of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opti
---

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# Exam question 1 · Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principle stated to govern UKLO puzzles concerning prior knowledge of the language.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, principle, UKLO puzzles · **What happens:** identify, state, govern, concern · **To what, where:** UKLO puzzles, prior knowledge

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e1:1
# text = Identify the principle stated to govern UKLO puzzles concerning prior knowledge of the language.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stated	state	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	govern	govern	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	UKLO	UKLO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **state** *speech: other* | past | the principle |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **govern** | to-infinitive | the principle *not said here* | UKLO puzzles |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent puzzle=Theme |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | UKLO puzzles *not said here* | prior knowledge of the language |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus knowledge=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fluency in the language is presupposed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e1:o1:1
# text = Fluency in the language is presupposed
1	Fluency	fluency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	presupposed	presuppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **presuppose** | present · passive |  | Fluency in the language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A knowledge of Latin is essential

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e1:o2:1
# text = A knowledge of Latin is essential
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	essential	essential	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a knowledge of Latin |  |  |  |  | essential *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dictionary of the language is permitted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e1:o3:1
# text = A dictionary of the language is permitted
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | present · passive |  | a dictionary of the language |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All that is required is contained in the data

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e1:o4:1
# text = All that is required is contained in the data
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	contained	contain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
| 2 | **contain** | present · passive |  | All |  | the data |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Value in data=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/)