--- title: It is given that, in the language Tolo, "kapa" denotes "house" and "… — Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made… · tree and pragmatics description: It is given that, in the language Tolo, "kapa" denotes "house" and "kapakapa" denotes "houses". Determine the plural of "sela", denoting "tree". Exam question 2 of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/) / [Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages It is given that, in the language Tolo, "kapa" denotes "house" and "kapakapa" denotes "houses". Determine the plural of "sela", denoting "tree". **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** kapa, kapakapa, you · **What happens:** give, denote, determine · **To what, where:** It, house, houses, plural, tree This is exam question 2 of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/#e2). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* It is given that, in the language Tolo, "kapa" denotes "house" and "kapakapa" denotes "houses". ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e2:1 # text = It is given that, in the language Tolo, "kapa" denotes "house" and "kapakapa" denotes "houses". 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 9 Tolo Tolo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 " " PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 12 kapa kapa NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 13 " " PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 14 denotes denote VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 15 " " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 17 " " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 19 " " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 20 kapakapa kapakapa NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 " " PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 denotes denote VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 23 " " PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 houses house NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | | It | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme | | 2 | **denote** | present | kapa | house | | | | | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot house=Topic | | 3 | **denote** | present | kapakapa | houses | | | | | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot house=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Determine the plural of "sela", denoting "tree". ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e2:2 # text = Determine the plural of "sela", denoting "tree". 1 Determine determine VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 plural plural NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 sela sela NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 7 " " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 denoting denote VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 advcl _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 13 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the plural of sela | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plural=Topic | | 2 | **denote** | gerund | you *not said here* | tree | | | | | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tree=Topic | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} selas ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e2:o1:1 # text = selas 1 selas sela NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} selasela ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e2:o2:1 # text = selasela 1 selasela selasela PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} kasela ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e2:o3:1 # text = kasela 1 kasela kasela NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 4 {#o4} sela ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages:e2:o4:1 # text = sela 1 sela sela PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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