---
title: Identify the means by which plurality of nouns is expressed in Indon… — Olympiad: real languages and codes · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the means by which plurality of nouns is expressed in Indonesian, as exemplified by "buku-buku". Exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova
---

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# Exam question 1 · Olympiad: real languages and codes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the means by which plurality of nouns is expressed in Indonesian, as exemplified by "buku-buku".

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** identify, mean, express, exemplify · **To what, where:** plurality, Indonesian · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:e1:1
# text = Identify the means by which plurality of nouns is expressed in Indonesian, as exemplified by "buku-buku".
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
6	plurality	plurality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nouns	noun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	expressed	express	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Indonesian	Indonesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	exemplified	exemplify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	buku	buku	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	20	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	buku	buku	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **express** | present · passive |  | which plurality of nouns |  | Indonesian |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **exemplify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by buku buku | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Repetition of the noun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:e1:o1:1
# text = Repetition of the noun
1	Repetition	repetition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** |  | the noun |  |  |  |  |  | nom repetition «event intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alteration of the initial sound

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:e1:o2:1
# text = Alteration of the initial sound
1	Alteration	alteration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	initial	initial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **alter** |  |  | the initial sound |  |  |  |  | nom alteration «event transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Addition of a final -s

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:e1:o3:1
# text = Addition of a final -s
1	Addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	-s	-s	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A separate word for "many"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:e1:o4:1
# text = A separate word for "many"
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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