---
title: A cartoon says Turkish "kitap" becomes "kitapler". Fix it. — Olympiad: real languages and codes · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon says Turkish "kitap" becomes "kitapler". Fix it. Test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 59 «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 2 · ★★★ · Olympiad: real languages and codes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon says Turkish "kitap" becomes "kitapler". Fix it.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cartoon, Turkish, you · **What happens:** say, become, fix · **To what, where:** kitapler · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 59 «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon says Turkish "kitap" becomes "kitapler".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:t2:1
# text = A cartoon says Turkish "kitap" becomes "kitapler".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Turkish	Turkish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	kitap	kitap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	kitapler	kitapler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a cartoon |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **become** | present | Turkish | kitapler |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Fix it.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:t2:2
# text = Fix it.
1	Fix	fix	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | imperative | you *not said here* | kitapler |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It should simply add an -s to make kitaps

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:t2:o1:1
# text = It should simply add an -s to make kitaps
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	-s	-s	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	kitaps	kitap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | should | It | a -s |  |  |  | simply *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -s=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | kitaps |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset kitap=Product |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its last vowel is a, so it takes -lar: kitaplar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:t2:o2:1
# text = Its last vowel is a, so it takes -lar: kitaplar
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	lar	lar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	kitaplar	kitaplar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | it | lar and kitaplar |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lar=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It should be doubled to make kitap-kitap

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:t2:o3:1
# text = It should be doubled to make kitap-kitap
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	doubled	double	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	kitap	kitap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	kitap	kitap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **double** | should · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | kitap kitap |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset kitap=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kitapler is right, as -ler goes on every word

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes:t2:o4:1
# text = Kitapler is right, as -ler goes on every word
1	Kitapler	Kitapler	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ler	ler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Kitapler |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | ler |  |  | every word |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on word=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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