---
title: «every f word changes to ves, so it's rooves and cheves». What is tr… — Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves… · tree and pragmatics
description: «every f word changes to ves, so it's rooves and cheves». What is true? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«every f word changes to ves, so it's rooves and cheves». What is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** f word, word · **What happens:** change, be · **To what, where:** rooves

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/6-spelling-plurals/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «every f word changes to ves, so it's rooves and cheves».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t4:1
# text = «every f word changes to ves, so it's rooves and cheves».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	f	f	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ves	ve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	rooves	roove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	cheves	cheve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** *in a quote* | present | every f word |  |  |  |  | to ves *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | word | rooves and cheves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t4:2
# text = What is true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many change, but «roofs» and «chefs» just add -s

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t4:o1:1
# text = Many change, but «roofs» and «chefs» just add -s
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	roofs	roof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	chefs	chef	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
12	just	just	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	-s	-	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | infinitive | Many change | -s |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No f word ever changes to -ves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t4:o2:1
# text = No f word ever changes to -ves
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
2	f	f	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ves	ve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | no f word |  |  |  | ever | to ves *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only animal words change to -ves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t4:o3:1
# text = Only animal words change to -ves
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ves	ve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | animal words |  |  |  |  | to ves *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every word ending in f changes to -ves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t4:o4:1
# text = Every word ending in f changes to -ves
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	ending	end	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	f	f	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ves	ve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | gerund | every word *not said here* |  |  | f |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **change** | present | every word |  |  |  |  | to ves *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to ve=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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