---
title: «potatoes, tomatoes, so it's photoes and pianoes too, sound». What i… — Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves… · tree and pragmatics
description: «potatoes, tomatoes, so it's photoes and pianoes too, sound». What is true? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«potatoes, tomatoes, so it's photoes and pianoes too, sound». What is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** it · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** photoes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 6 «Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves and odd ones» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/6-spelling-plurals/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «potatoes, tomatoes, so it's photoes and pianoes too, sound».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t8:1
# text = «potatoes, tomatoes, so it's photoes and pianoes too, sound».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	photoes	photoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pianoes	pianoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | it | photoes and pianoes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t8:2
# text = What is true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's right, all words that end in o add -es in the plural

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t8:o1:1
# text = He's right, all words that end in o add -es in the plural
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	o	o	NOUN	NN	_	8	obl	_	_
11	add	add	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	es	e	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | present | all words |  |  | o |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | infinitive | all words | es |  | the plural |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All o-words just add -s, even potatos

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t8:o2:1
# text = All o-words just add -s, even potatos
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
2	o	o	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	-s	-	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	potatos	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | all o words | -s and potatos |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those two just add -s: photos and pianos

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t8:o3:1
# text = Those two just add -s: photos and pianos
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nsubj	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	-s	-	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pianos	piano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | that two | -s |  |  |  | photos and pianos *obl* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only food words end in -o

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:6-spelling-plurals:t8:o4:1
# text = Only food words end in -o
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	o	o	NOUN	NN	_	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | food words |  |  | o |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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