---
title: "Zoe is older than Max. Max is older than Ivy. Ivy is older than Ben… — Olympiad: tricky comprehension · tree and pragmatics
description: "Zoe is older than Max. Max is older than Ivy. Ivy is older than Ben." Who is the second youngest? Test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «Olympiad: tricky comprehension» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Test 7 · ★★★ · Olympiad: tricky comprehension

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Zoe is older than Max. Max is older than Ivy. Ivy is older than Ben." Who is the second youngest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Zoe, Max, Ivy · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «Olympiad: tricky comprehension» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Zoe is older than Max.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:1
# text = "Zoe is older than Max.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Zoe |  |  |  |  | than Max; old *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Max is older than Ivy.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:2
# text = Max is older than Ivy.
1	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ivy	Ivy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Max |  |  |  |  | than Ivy; old *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Ivy is older than Ben."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:3
# text = Ivy is older than Ben."
1	Ivy	ivy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ivy |  |  |  |  | than Ben; old *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Who is the second youngest?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:4
# text = Who is the second youngest?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Max

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:o1:1
# text = Max
1	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ivy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:o2:1
# text = Ivy
1	Ivy	Ivy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:o3:1
# text = Ben
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zoe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:60-olympiad-tricky-comprehension:t7:o4:1
# text = Zoe
1	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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