---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop… · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the spelling of the regular past tense. Exam question 3 of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the spelling of the regular past tense.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern, spell · **To what, where:** response, spelling, regular past tense

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:e3:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the spelling of the regular past tense.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the spelling of the regular past tense |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus spelling=Experiencer |
| 4 | **spell** |  |  | the regular past tense |  |  |  |  | nom spelling «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is spelled -ed in Britain and -t in the United States

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:e3:o1:1
# text = It is spelled -ed in Britain and -t in the United States
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	t	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | It | spelled ed and t in the United States |  | Britain |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is spelled according to its pronunciation in each word, as -t, -d or -id, as the speaker hears it

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:e3:o2:1
# text = It is spelled according to its pronunciation in each word, as -t, -d or -id, as the speaker hears it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	case	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	t	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	d	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	id	id	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | accord its pronunciation in each word; as t and d or id | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hear** | present | the speaker | id |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 4 | **pronounce** |  | its *= it* |  |  | each word |  |  | nom pronunciation «communication transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably spelled -ed, notwithstanding its pronunciation as /t/, /d/ or /id/

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:e3:o3:1
# text = It is invariably spelled -ed, notwithstanding its pronunciation as /t/, /d/ or /id/
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	/	/	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	t	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	/	/	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	/	/	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	d	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	/	/	SYM	,	_	19	cc	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	/	/	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	id	id	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	/	/	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | It | spelled ed and d or id |  |  |  | invariably *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **notwithstand** | gerund | spelled ed and d or id *not said here* | its pronunciation |  |  |  | as t | tree rules |
| 4 | **pronounce** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pronunciation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is spelled -ed only in verbs of a single syllable

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:e3:o4:1
# text = It is spelled -ed only in verbs of a single syllable
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	syllable	syllable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | present · passive |  | It |  | verbs of a single syllable |  | ed *obl* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme in verb=Manner |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/e2/)
- next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)