---
title: «I was hopping you'd come» says a birthday card. What did the writer… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop… · tree and pragmatics
description: «I was hopping you'd come» says a birthday card. What did the writer mean, and what's the fix? Test 1 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Test 1 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I was hopping you'd come» says a birthday card. What did the writer mean, and what's the fix?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** birthday card, you, writer · **What happens:** hop, come, say, do, mean, be · **To what, where:** writer, fix · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «I was hopping you'd come» says a birthday card.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t1:1
# text = «I was hopping you'd come» says a birthday card.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hopping	hop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** *in a quote* | past · progressive | a birthday card *= card* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** *in a quote* | would | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a birthday card |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What did the writer mean, and what's the fix?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t1:2
# text = What did the writer mean, and what's the fix?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fix	fix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | the writer |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writer=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the writer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | the fix |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wishing, so «hopeing» with an e

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t1:o1:1
# text = Wishing, so «hopeing» with an e
1	Wishing	wish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	hopeing	hope	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	e	e	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with a e | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **hope** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wishing, so «hoping» with one p

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t1:o2:1
# text = Wishing, so «hoping» with one p
1	Wishing	wish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	hoping	hope	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	p	p	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with one p | vn wish-62 «NP V that S»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hope** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jumping, so «hoping» is wrong

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t1:o3:1
# text = Jumping, so «hoping» is wrong
1	Jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	hoping	hope	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hope** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **is** | present | Jumping |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jumping, so the card is right

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t1:o4:1
# text = Jumping, so the card is right
1	Jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | gerund |  | the card |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme card=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present | Jumping |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Spelling plurals: -s, -es, -ies, -ves…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/6-spelling-plurals/e4/)
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- ↑ back to [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)