--- title: ★★★ «Visit» becomes «visited». «Admit» becomes «admitted». Why the d… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop… · tree and pragmatics description: ★★★ «Visit» becomes «visited». «Admit» becomes «admitted». Why the difference? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [English](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/) / [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/) / t11 # Test 11 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e ★★★ «Visit» becomes «visited». «Admit» becomes «admitted». Why the difference? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** ★ ★ ★ · **What happens:** become, visit, admit This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/#t11). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* ★★★ «Visit» becomes «visited». ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t11:1 # text = ★★★ «Visit» becomes «visited». 1 ★ ★ PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ★ ★ X FW _ 3 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ★ ★ NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 « « PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 5 Visit visit NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 6 » » PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 « « PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 visited visit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 10 » » PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **become** | present | ★ ★ ★ | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **visit** *in a quote* | participle | ★ ★ ★ *not said here* | | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* «Admit» becomes «admitted». ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t11:2 # text = «Admit» becomes «admitted». 1 « « PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Admit admit VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 » » PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 « « PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 admitted admit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 7 » » PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **admit** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive | | | | | | | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **become** | present | | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **admit** *speech: other* *in a quote* | participle | | | | | | | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | *Sentence 3:* Why the difference? ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t11:3 # text = Why the difference? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Rel 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 difference difference NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ? ? PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} ad-MIT is stressed at the end; VIS-it is not ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t11:o1:1 # text = ad-MIT is stressed at the end; VIS-it is not 1 ad ad NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 2 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 1 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 MIT mit NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 stressed stress VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 VIS VIS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 - - PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 14 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stress** | present · passive | | ad MIT | | | at the end | VIS *obl* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination | | 2 | **not** **be** | present | MIT | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} «Visit» is an irregular verb, like swim or run ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t11:o2:1 # text = «Visit» is an irregular verb, like swim or run 1 « « PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Visit visit NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 » » PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 irregular irregular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 like like ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 run run VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Visit | a irregular verb | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **swim** | present | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **run** | present | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} There is no reason; it is random ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t11:o3:1 # text = There is no reason; it is random 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 5 ; ; PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 random random ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | present | no reason | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | reason | | | | | random *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} «Admit» is shorter than «visit» ```conllu # sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t11:o4:1 # text = «Admit» is shorter than «visit» 1 « « PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Admit admit NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 3 » » PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 shorter short ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 6 than than ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 « « PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 visit visit NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 » » PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Admit | | | | | than visit; short *property* | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t10/) - next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t12/) - ↑ back to [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)