---
title: «she runned and swimmed, she's well behind for four». What does it r… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop… · tree and pragmatics
description: «she runned and swimmed, she's well behind for four». What does it really show? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«she runned and swimmed, she's well behind for four». What does it really show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** she, four · **What happens:** runn, swimm, be, show · **To what, where:** four

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «she runned and swimmed, she's well behind for four».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t3:1
# text = «she runned and swimmed, she's well behind for four».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	runned	runn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	swimmed	swimm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
10	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **runn** *in a quote* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swimm** *in a quote* | past | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | she |  |  | four |  | well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does it really show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t3:2
# text = What does it really show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | four |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has not learned any grammar rules at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t3:o1:1
# text = She has not learned any grammar rules at all
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **learn** | present · perfect | She | any grammar rules |  | all |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those are the correct past forms

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t3:o2:1
# text = Those are the correct past forms
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | that correct past forms |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She should stop talking until she gets it right

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t3:o3:1
# text = She should stop talking until she gets it right
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	right	right	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | should | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **get** | present | she | it |  |  |  | right *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She knows the -ed rule and is learning the exceptions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t3:o4:1
# text = She knows the -ed rule and is learning the exceptions
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	exceptions	exception	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | She | the ed rule |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus |
| 2 | **learn** | present · progressive | She *not said here* | the exceptions |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exception=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t2/)
- next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t4/)
- ↑ back to [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)