---
title: «me mam says I'm boss at spelling but I put cryed». What should Holl… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop… · tree and pragmatics
description: «me mam says I'm boss at spelling but I put cryed». What should Hollie remember? Test 5 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«me mam says I'm boss at spelling but I put cryed». What should Hollie remember?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** me mam, Hollie · **What happens:** say, be, crye, remember · **To what, where:** boss, spelling, me mam · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «me mam says I'm boss at spelling but I put cryed».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t5:1
# text = «me mam says I'm boss at spelling but I put cryed».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	compound	_	_
3	mam	mam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	boss	boss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	cryed	crye	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | me mam |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | me mam *= mam* | boss |  | spelling |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **crye** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | me mam *= mam* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should Hollie remember?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t5:2
# text = What should Hollie remember?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Hollie	Hollie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | should | Hollie |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
-ed and -ing both change y to i

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t5:o1:1
# text = -ed and -ing both change y to i
1	-	-	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	e	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
6	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obj	_	_
7	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **e** | gerund | ed *not said here* | both |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | present | ed | y | i |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only American spelling changes the y

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t5:o2:1
# text = Only American spelling changes the y
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | American spelling | the y |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
-ed and -ing both keep the y

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t5:o3:1
# text = -ed and -ing both keep the y
1	-	-	PUNCT	NFP	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	e	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
6	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obj	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **e** | gerund | ed *not said here* | both |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | ed | the y |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
-ed changes y to i (cried), -ing keeps y (crying)

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t5:o4:1
# text = -ed changes y to i (cried), -ing keeps y (crying)
1	-	-	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	y	y	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | ed | y | i |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent y=Patient |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | participle | ed *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **keep** | present | ing | y |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund | y *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t4/)
- next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t6/)
- ↑ back to [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)