---
title: «the past of jump sounds like jumpt so spell it like that, innit». W… — Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop… · tree and pragmatics
description: «the past of jump sounds like jumpt so spell it like that, innit». What's true? Test 6 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 6 · ★★ · Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«the past of jump sounds like jumpt so spell it like that, innit». What's true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** past · **What happens:** sound, spell, innit, be · **To what, where:** past

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «the past of jump sounds like jumpt so spell it like that, innit».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t6:1
# text = «the past of jump sounds like jumpt so spell it like that, innit».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	jump	jump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	jumpt	jumpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	spell	spell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	innit	innit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** *in a quote* | present | the past of jump |  |  |  |  | like jumpt | tree rules |
| 2 | **spell** *in a quote* | infinitive | the past of jump *not said here* | past |  |  |  | like that | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **innit** *in a quote* | infinitive | the past of jump *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t6:2
# text = What's true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spell it how it sounds: jumpt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t6:o1:1
# text = Spell it how it sounds: jumpt
1	Spell	spell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	jumpt	jumpt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  | jumpt *obl* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **sound** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Regular past is always spelled -ed, whatever you hear

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t6:o2:1
# text = Regular past is always spelled -ed, whatever you hear
1	Regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
5	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	appos	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Regular past | spelled ed |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spell it «jumpd» to save letters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t6:o3:1
# text = Spell it «jumpd» to save letters
1	Spell	spell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	jumpd	jumpd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme jumpd=Manner |
| 2 | **save** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | letters |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use -t for some verbs and -d for others

```conllu
# sent_id = question:english:7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e:t6:o4:1
# text = Use -t for some verbs and -d for others
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	t	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	verbs	verb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	d	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | t |  |  |  | for some verbs and d; for others | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent t=Theme for verb=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t5/)
- next →: [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and drop…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/t7/)
- ↑ back to [Adding -ed and -ing: doubling and dropping e](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/7-adding-ed-and-ing-doubling-and-dropping-e/)