---
title: It is stated that an individual's family is a "single-parent family"… — Soft words for hard things: relations… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is stated that an individual's family is a "single-parent family". Ascertain which of the following is thereby established. Exam question 2 of lesson 13 «Soft words for hard things: relations and family» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of
---

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# Exam question 2 · Soft words for hard things: relations and family

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is stated that an individual's family is a "single-parent family". Ascertain which of the following is thereby established.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** family, you · **What happens:** state, be, ascertain, follow, establish · **To what, where:** It, parent family · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 13 «Soft words for hard things: relations and family» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/euphemisms/13-relations-and-family/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is stated that an individual's family is a "single-parent family".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:13-relations-and-family:e2:1
# text = It is stated that an individual's family is a "single-parent family".
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | a individual's family | a parent family |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain which of the following is thereby established.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:13-relations-and-family:e2:2
# text = Ascertain which of the following is thereby established.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **establish** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children are raised by one parent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:13-relations-and-family:e2:o1:1
# text = The children are raised by one parent
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | present · passive | one parent | the children |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither parent has contracted marriage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:13-relations-and-family:e2:o2:1
# text = Neither parent has contracted marriage
1	Neither	neither	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | present · perfect | neither parent | marriage |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent marriage=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The family resides in isolation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:13-relations-and-family:e2:o3:1
# text = The family resides in isolation
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	resides	reside	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	isolation	isolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reside** | present | the family |  |  | isolation |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in isolation=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The household comprises a single child

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:13-relations-and-family:e2:o4:1
# text = The household comprises a single child
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comprises	comprise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comprise** | present | the household | a single child |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme child=Pivot |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: relations…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/13-relations-and-family/e1/)
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