---
title: Whereas an individual is stated to be "receiving public assistance"… — Soft words for hard things: money and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whereas an individual is stated to be "receiving public assistance" in the United States, determine the circumstance thereby indicated. Exam question 4 of lesson 19 «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmat
---

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# Exam question 4 · Soft words for hard things: money and poverty

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whereas an individual is stated to be "receiving public assistance" in the United States, determine the circumstance thereby indicated.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** state, be, determine, indicate · **To what, where:** individual, circumstance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 19 «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/euphemisms/19-money-and-poverty/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:19-money-and-poverty:e4:1
# text = Whereas an individual is stated to be "receiving public assistance" in the United States, determine the circumstance thereby indicated.
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	receiving	receive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
18	determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	indicated	indicate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | a individual |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | receive *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the circumstance |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumstance=Topic |
| 4 | **indicate** | participle |  | the circumstance *not said here* |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The individual is in receipt of government welfare

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:19-money-and-poverty:e4:o1:1
# text = The individual is in receipt of government welfare
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	receipt	receipt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	welfare	welfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the individual |  |  | receipt |  | of government welfare | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The individual is being aided in a public place

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:19-money-and-poverty:e4:o2:1
# text = The individual is being aided in a public place
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	aided	aid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aid** | present · passive |  | the individual |  | a public place |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The individual has received a public award

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:19-money-and-poverty:e4:o3:1
# text = The individual has received a public award
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	award	award	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | present · perfect · passive |  | the individual |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme award=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The individual is employed in public service

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:19-money-and-poverty:e4:o4:1
# text = The individual is employed in public service
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	individual	individual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | present · passive |  | the individual |  | public service |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: money and…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/19-money-and-poverty/e3/)
- next →: [Soft words for hard things: money and…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/20-debt-and-jobs/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Soft words for hard things: money and poverty](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/19-money-and-poverty/)