---
title: It is given that an account is designated "delinquent" by a financia… — Soft words for hard things: money and… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that an account is designated "delinquent" by a financial institution in the United States. Identify the principal meaning of this designation. Exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty and work, firing and the economy» of the euphemisms course of Mova's
---

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# Exam question 2 · Soft words for hard things: money and poverty and work, fi…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that an account is designated "delinquent" by a financial institution in the United States. Identify the principal meaning of this designation.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** financial institution, you · **What happens:** give, designate, identify, mean · **To what, where:** It, account, principal meaning, designation

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty and work, firing and the economy» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/euphemisms/20-debt-and-jobs/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that an account is designated "delinquent" by a financial institution in the United States.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:20-debt-and-jobs:e2:1
# text = It is given that an account is designated "delinquent" by a financial institution in the United States.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	delinquent	delinquent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	financial	financial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	institution	institution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **designate** | present · passive | a financial institution in the United States | a account |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme delinquent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Identify the principal meaning of this designation.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:20-debt-and-jobs:e2:2
# text = Identify the principal meaning of this designation.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	designation	designation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal meaning of this designation |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** |  |  | this designation |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The debt has not been repaid when due

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:20-debt-and-jobs:e2:o1:1
# text = The debt has not been repaid when due
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	repaid	repay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **repay** | present · perfect · passive |  | the debt |  |  |  | due *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The account holder has been convicted of an offence

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:20-debt-and-jobs:e2:o2:1
# text = The account holder has been convicted of an offence
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	holder	holder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	convicted	convict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	offence	offence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **convict** | present · perfect · passive |  | the account holder |  |  |  | of a offence | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The account has been closed with a nil balance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:20-debt-and-jobs:e2:o3:1
# text = The account has been closed with a nil balance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	nil	nil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | present · perfect · passive |  | the account |  |  |  | with a nil balance | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with balance=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The account has accrued additional interest in the holder's favour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:20-debt-and-jobs:e2:o4:1
# text = The account has accrued additional interest in the holder's favour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	accrued	accrue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	holder	holder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accrue** | present · perfect · passive |  | the account |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **favour** |  | the holder |  |  |  |  |  | nom favour «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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