--- title: Identify the principal meaning of the term "friendly fire" as employ… — Soft words for hard things: politics a… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal meaning of the term "friendly fire" as employed in military reports. Exam question 1 of lesson 25 «Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin and war, the military and violence» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Euphemisms](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/) / [Soft words for hard things: politics a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin a… Identify the principal meaning of the term "friendly fire" as employed in military reports. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, employ, mean · **To what, where:** principal meaning, military reports, term This is exam question 1 of lesson 25 «Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin and war, the military and violence» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:euphemisms:25-spin-war-and-violence:e1:1 # text = Identify the principal meaning of the term "friendly fire" as employed in military reports. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 meaning meaning NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 term term NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 12 as as SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 13 employed employ VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 advcl _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 military military ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 reports report NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 17 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal meaning of the term | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme | | 2 | **employ** | participle | you *not said here* | | | military reports | | | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **mean** | | | the term | | | | | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} A ceremonial salute by an ally ```conllu # sent_id = question:euphemisms:25-spin-war-and-violence:e1:o1:1 # text = A ceremonial salute by an ally 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 ceremonial ceremonial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 salute salute NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 ally ally NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **salute** | | a ally | | | | | | nom salute «communication transitive»: by=agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} A fire lit for warmth by allied troops ```conllu # sent_id = question:euphemisms:25-spin-war-and-violence:e1:o2:1 # text = A fire lit for warmth by allied troops 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 lit lit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 warmth warmth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 allied ally VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 amod _ _ 8 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lit** | participle | | a fire *not said here* | | | | for warmth; by allied troops | tree rules | | 2 | **ally** | participle | | | | | | | vn conspire-71 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} An attack inflicted upon one's own forces in error ```conllu # sent_id = question:euphemisms:25-spin-war-and-violence:e1:o3:1 # text = An attack inflicted upon one's own forces in error 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 attack attack NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 inflicted inflict VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl _ _ 4 upon upon ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 one one PRON PRP Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 6 's 's PART POS _ 5 case _ _ 7 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 forces force NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 error error NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **inflict** | participle | | a attack *not said here* | | | | upon one's own forces in error | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} Shots discharged solely as a warning ```conllu # sent_id = question:euphemisms:25-spin-war-and-violence:e1:o4:1 # text = Shots discharged solely as a warning 1 Shots shot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 2 discharged discharge VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ _ 3 solely solely ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 as as ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **discharge** | participle | | Shots *not said here* | | | | as a warning; solely *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Soft words for hard things: politics a…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/t12/) - next →: [Soft words for hard things: politics a…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/e2/) - ↑ back to [Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin and war, the military and violence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/)