---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Soft words for hard things: war, the m… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression "ethnic cleansing"? Exam question 1 of lesson 26 «Soft words for hard things: war, the military and violence» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Soft words for hard things: war, the military and violence

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression "ethnic cleansing"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** expression

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 26 «Soft words for hard things: war, the military and violence» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/euphemisms/26-war-and-the-military/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:26-war-and-the-military:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression "ethnic cleansing"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cleansing	cleansing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the expression |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It denotes the sanitation of public streets and squares by municipal authorities

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:26-war-and-the-military:e1:o1:1
# text = It denotes the sanitation of public streets and squares by municipal authorities
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sanitation	sanitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	squares	square	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	municipal	municipal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **denote** | present | It | the sanitation of public streets and squares |  |  |  | by municipal authorities | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sanitation=Topic |
| 2 | **sanitate** |  |  | public streets and squares |  |  |  |  | nom sanitation «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It denotes instruction in personal hygiene

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:26-war-and-the-military:e1:o2:1
# text = It denotes instruction in personal hygiene
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hygiene	hygiene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **denote** | present | It | instruction |  |  |  | in personal hygiene | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot instruction=Theme in hygiene=Attribute |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It denotes the restoration of ancient buildings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:26-war-and-the-military:e1:o3:1
# text = It denotes the restoration of ancient buildings
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	restoration	restoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **denote** | present | It | the restoration of ancient buildings |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot restoration=Topic |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It denotes the expulsion or killing of an entire ethnic group from a territory

```conllu
# sent_id = question:euphemisms:26-war-and-the-military:e1:o4:1
# text = It denotes the expulsion or killing of an entire ethnic group from a territory
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	denotes	denote	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	expulsion	expulsion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	killing	killing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **denote** | present | It | the expulsion or killing of a entire ethnic group |  | a territory |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot expulsion=Topic |
| 2 | **kill** |  |  | a entire ethnic group |  |  |  |  | nom killing «event transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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