---
title: It is given that a small child is choking and is unable to cough or… — Sharp things, small objects and little… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a small child is choking and is unable to cough or cry. Determine the appropriate course of action for an older child present. Exam question 4 of lesson 112 «Sharp things, small objects and little ones» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pr
---

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# Exam question 4 · Sharp things, small objects and little ones

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a small child is choking and is unable to cough or cry. Determine the appropriate course of action for an older child present.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** small child, you · **What happens:** give, choke, be, cough, cry, determine · **To what, where:** It, appropriate course

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 112 «Sharp things, small objects and little ones» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/112-sharp-things-and-little-ones/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a small child is choking and is unable to cough or cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:112-sharp-things-and-little-ones:e4:1
# text = It is given that a small child is choking and is unable to cough or cry.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	choking	choke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	cough	cough	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **choke** | present · progressive | a small child |  |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | a small child *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cough** | to-infinitive | a small child *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | a small child *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the appropriate course of action for an older child present.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:112-sharp-things-and-little-ones:e4:2
# text = Determine the appropriate course of action for an older child present.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
10	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the appropriate course of action |  |  |  | for a older child present | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Place the child in bed and allow it to sleep

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:112-sharp-things-and-little-ones:e4:o1:1
# text = Place the child in bed and allow it to sleep
1	Place	place	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	allow	allow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **place** | imperative | you *not said here* | the child |  | bed |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme in bed=Destination |
| 2 | **allow** | infinitive | you *not said here* | child |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer it=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sleep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | child *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shout for an adult and call the emergency number

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:112-sharp-things-and-little-ones:e4:o2:1
# text = Shout for an adult and call the emergency number
1	Shout	shout	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	emergency	emergency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for a adult | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for adult=Recipient |
| 2 | **call** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the emergency number |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent number=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Offer the child a large glass of water to drink slowly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:112-sharp-things-and-little-ones:e4:o3:1
# text = Offer the child a large glass of water to drink slowly
1	Offer	offer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | imperative | you *not said here* | a large glass of water | the child |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent child=Goal glass=Theme |
| 2 | **drink** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wait several minutes to see whether it passes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:112-sharp-things-and-little-ones:e4:o4:1
# text = Wait several minutes to see whether it passes
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | minute |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **pass** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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