---
title: A boy in Toronto is cross because he lost a game, and his friend Ell… — Greeting friends and relatives · tree and pragmatics
description: A boy in Toronto is cross because he lost a game, and his friend Ella says "Hi!" What is best? Test 1 of lesson 122 «Greeting friends and relatives» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · Greeting friends and relatives

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy in Toronto is cross because he lost a game, and his friend Ella says "Hi!" What is best?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** boy, friend · **What happens:** be, lose, say · **To what, where:** game · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 122 «Greeting friends and relatives» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/122-greeting-friends-and-relatives/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A boy in Toronto is cross because he lost a game, and his friend Ella says "Hi!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:122-greeting-friends-and-relatives:t1:1
# text = A boy in Toronto is cross because he lost a game, and his friend Ella says "Hi!"
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Toronto	Toronto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	cross	cross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
17	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Hi	hi	INTJ	UH	_	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a boy in Toronto |  |  |  |  | cross *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past | boy | a game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | boy's friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is best?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:122-greeting-friends-and-relatives:t1:2
# text = What is best?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say nothing until tomorrow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:122-greeting-friends-and-relatives:t1:o1:1
# text = Say nothing until tomorrow
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	1	obj	_	_
3	until	until	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | nothing |  |  | tomorrow |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say "Hi, Ella" and explain later that he is cross about the game

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:122-greeting-friends-and-relatives:t1:o2:1
# text = Say "Hi, Ella" and explain later that he is cross about the game
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Hi	hi	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	explain	explain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	cross	cross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
14	about	about	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **explain** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | Ella |  |  |  |  | about the game; cross *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn away without a word so that Ella can see how cross he really is

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:122-greeting-friends-and-relatives:t1:o3:1
# text = Turn away without a word so that Ella can see how cross he really is
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
12	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	really	really	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn away** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without a word; away *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | can | Ella | cross |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cross=Stimulus |
| 3 | **be** | present | Ella | cross *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cross=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell Ella it is her fault

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:122-greeting-friends-and-relatives:t1:o4:1
# text = Tell Ella it is her fault
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | Ella |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ella=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | Ella's fault |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Greeting adults and teachers, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/121-greeting-adults-and-teachers/e4/)
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