--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ge… — Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a genuine apology? Exam question 1 of lesson 126 «Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a genuine apology? **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** genuine apology This is exam question 1 of lesson 126 «Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:e1:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a genuine apology? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 genuine genuine ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 apology apology NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | a genuine apology | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} It is repeated whenever the same act recurs ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:e1:o1:1 # text = It is repeated whenever the same act recurs 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 repeated repeat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 whenever whenever ADV WRB PronType=Rel 8 advmod _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 act act NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 recurs recur VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **repeat** | present · passive | | It | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | | 2 | **recur** | present | the same act | | | | | whenever *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2} It says "sorry if you were upset" and no more ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:e1:o2:1 # text = It says "sorry if you were upset" and no more 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 sorry sorry INTJ UH _ 8 discourse _ _ 5 if if SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 upset upset ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 9 " " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 no no ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | It | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | past | you | | | | | upset *property* | tree rules | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} It names what one did and seeks to put it right ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:e1:o3:1 # text = It names what one did and seeks to put it right 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 names name VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 5 obj _ _ 4 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nsubj _ _ 5 did do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 seeks seek VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 put put VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ 11 right right ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **name** | present | It | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **do** | past | one | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 3 | **seek** | present | | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **put** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | it | | | | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal | ### Option 4 {#o4} It is said loudly so that others may hear it ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:e1:o4:1 # text = It is said loudly so that others may hear it 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 loudly loudly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 9 mark _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 5 fixed _ _ 7 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 8 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | It | | | | loudly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | | 2 | **hear** | may | others | it | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry, test 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/t18/) - next →: [Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/e2/) - ↑ back to [Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/)