---
title: A boy says sorry to his brother for hitting him, then hits him again… — Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry · tree and pragmatics
description: A boy says sorry to his brother for hitting him, then hits him again the next day. What has he not understood? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 126 «Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy says sorry to his brother for hitting him, then hits him again the next day. What has he not understood?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** boy, brother · **What happens:** say, hit, not understand · **To what, where:** boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 126 «Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A boy says sorry to his brother for hitting him, then hits him again the next day.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:t3:1
# text = A boy says sorry to his brother for hitting him, then hits him again the next day.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	again	again	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: apologize* | present | a boy |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hit** | gerund | boy's brother *not said here* | boy |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **hit** | present |  | boy |  |  | then; again; day |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme he=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What has he not understood?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:t3:2
# text = What has he not understood?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **understand** | present · perfect | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorry means trying not to do it again

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:t3:o1:1
# text = Sorry means trying not to do it again
1	Sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sorry |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **try** *not said to happen* | gerund | Sorry *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **not** **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Sorry *not said here* | it |  |  | again |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorry is only needed for big things, not for a bit of hitting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:t3:o2:1
# text = Sorry is only needed for big things, not for a bit of hitting
1	Sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · passive |  | Sorry |  |  |  | for big things; for a bit | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **hit** | gerund | a bit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorry only counts in the morning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:t3:o3:1
# text = Sorry only counts in the morning
1	Sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	counts	count	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | Sorry |  |  |  | morning |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorry must always be said twice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:126-goodbye-thanks-and-sorry:t3:o4:1
# text = Sorry must always be said twice
1	Sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	csubj:pass	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | must · passive |  |  |  |  |  | always, twice *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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