---
title: It being given that the interval between a flash of lightning and th… — Weather signs and the 30-30 rule · tree and pragmatics
description: It being given that the interval between a flash of lightning and the ensuing thunder is fifteen seconds, determine the appropriate course of action. Exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Exam question 1 · Weather signs and the 30-30 rule

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It being given that the interval between a flash of lightning and the ensuing thunder is fifteen seconds, determine the appropriate course of action.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** interval, lightning · **What happens:** give, ensue, be, determine, flash · **To what, where:** It, fifteen seconds, appropriate course

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/15-weather-signs/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:e1:1
# text = It being given that the interval between a flash of lightning and the ensuing thunder is fifteen seconds, determine the appropriate course of action.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	interval	interval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	ensuing	ensue	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **ensue** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the interval between a flash of lightning and the ensuing thunder | fifteen seconds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **determine** | infinitive |  | the appropriate course of action |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic |
| 5 | **flash** |  | lightning |  |  |  |  |  | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To remain out of doors, the storm being at such a distance as to lie beyond any possible danger to persons

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:e1:o1:1
# text = To remain out of doors, the storm being at such a distance as to lie beyond any possible danger to persons
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	remain	remain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	cop	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	13	det:predet	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	acl	_	_
17	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
19	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | the storm |  |  | doors |  | at such distance | tree rules |
| 3 | **lie** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | any possible danger to persons |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beyond danger=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To wait until the interval falls below five seconds before taking any action whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:e1:o2:1
# text = To wait until the interval falls below five seconds before taking any action whatsoever
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	interval	interval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	below	below	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | second |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | present | the interval |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | gerund |  | any action |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shelter beneath the tallest tree in the vicinity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:e1:o3:1
# text = To shelter beneath the tallest tree in the vicinity
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shelter	shelter	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tallest	tall	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vicinity	vicinity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shelter** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the vicinity |  | beneath the tallest tree | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath tree=Location |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To proceed at once into a building or a hard-topped vehicle, the interval being thirty seconds or less

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:e1:o4:1
# text = To proceed at once into a building or a hard-topped vehicle, the interval being thirty seconds or less
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	proceed	proceed	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	obl	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	topped	top	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	interval	interval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
18	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **proceed** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a building or a topped vehicle |  |  | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **top** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | gerund | the interval | thirty seconds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | the interval *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Weather signs and the 30-30 rule, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/15-weather-signs/t19/)
- next →: [Weather signs and the 30-30 rule, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/15-weather-signs/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Weather signs and the 30-30 rule](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/15-weather-signs/)