---
title: At a picnic in Colorado, Ella counts 15 seconds from a flash to the… — Weather signs and the 30-30 rule · tree and pragmatics
description: At a picnic in Colorado, Ella counts 15 seconds from a flash to the thunder. Which is true? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 15 «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Weather signs and the 30-30 rule

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At a picnic in Colorado, Ella counts 15 seconds from a flash to the thunder. Which is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Ella · **What happens:** count, be · **To what, where:** picnic

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 15 «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/15-weather-signs/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* At a picnic in Colorado, Ella counts 15 seconds from a flash to the thunder.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:t1:1
# text = At a picnic in Colorado, Ella counts 15 seconds from a flash to the thunder.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Colorado	Colorado	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	counts	count	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | Ella |  |  | a picnic in Colorado | second | from a flash; to the thunder | vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to thunder=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:t1:2
# text = Which is true?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lightning is about 5 km away, so they should go inside

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:t1:o1:1
# text = The lightning is about 5 km away, so they should go inside
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
13	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the lightning |  |  |  |  | 5 km *obl:unmarked*; away *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | should | km |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They should wait until it is closer before moving

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:t1:o2:1
# text = They should wait until it is closer before moving
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	advcl	_	_
8	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | should | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm is too far away to be any danger to them at all yet

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:t1:o3:1
# text = The storm is too far away to be any danger to them at all yet
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nmod	_	_
15	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the storm |  |  |  | yet | away, far *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | the storm *not said here* | any danger | them *= they* | all |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are safe if they stay under a big tree

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:15-weather-signs:t1:o4:1
# text = They are safe if they stay under a big tree
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | they |  |  | a big tree |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tree=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Reading faces and voices, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/14-faces-and-voices/e4/)
- next →: [Weather signs and the 30-30 rule, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/15-weather-signs/t2/)
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