---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a person ought to look behin… — Finding your way with landmarks · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a person ought to look behind him whilst walking a new route. Exam question 2 of lesson 16 «Finding your way with landmarks» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Exam question 2 · Finding your way with landmarks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a person ought to look behind him whilst walking a new route.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, person · **What happens:** identify, look, walk · **To what, where:** principal reason, new route

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 16 «Finding your way with landmarks» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/16-landmarks/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:16-landmarks:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a person ought to look behind him whilst walking a new route.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
12	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | ought | a person |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; behind him *= he* | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for which=Theme behind he=Location |
| 3 | **walk** | gerund | a person *not said here* | a new route |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme route=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It enables him to walk the route at greater speed on the following occasion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:16-landmarks:e2:o1:1
# text = It enables him to walk the route at greater speed on the following occasion
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	enables	enable	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enable** | present | It | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | him *= he* *not said here* | the route |  | greater speed |  | on the following occasion | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent route=Theme at speed=Trajectory |
| 3 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is required by the rules of the road

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:16-landmarks:e2:o2:1
# text = It is required by the rules of the road
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive | the rules of the road | It |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the road |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A route presents a different appearance upon the return journey

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:16-landmarks:e2:o3:1
# text = A route presents a different appearance upon the return journey
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | present | a route | a different appearance |  |  |  | upon the return journey | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It prevents others from following the route

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:16-landmarks:e2:o4:1
# text = It prevents others from following the route
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prevents	prevent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | present | It | others |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer other=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  | the route |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent route=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Finding your way with landmarks, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/16-landmarks/e1/)
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