--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Telling when someone may be lying · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the evidence that a person is lying? Exam question 1 of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Telling when someone may be lying](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Telling when someone may be lying Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the evidence that a person is lying? **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** person · **What happens:** follow, characteris, lie · **To what, where:** evidence This is exam question 1 of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:e1:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the evidence that a person is lying? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 evidence evidence NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 that that SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 lying lie VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | the evidence | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **lie** | present · progressive | a person | the evidence *not said here* | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location evidence=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Swearing "cross my heart" proves one tells the truth ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:e1:o1:1 # text = Swearing "cross my heart" proves one tells the truth 1 Swearing swear VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 csubj _ _ 2 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 ccomp _ _ 4 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 7 proves prove VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nsubj _ _ 9 tells tell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 truth truth NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swear** | gerund | | | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **cross** *in a quote* | infinitive | | my heart | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | | 3 | **prove** | present | Swearing | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | one | the truth | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient | ### Option 2 {#o2} A lie detector reliably shows who is lying ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:e1:o2:1 # text = A lie detector reliably shows who is lying 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 lie lie NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 detector detector NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 reliably reliably ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 8 lying lie VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 ccomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a lie detector | | | | | reliably *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **lie** | present · progressive | | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} Avoiding eye contact proves that someone is lying ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:e1:o3:1 # text = Avoiding eye contact proves that someone is lying 1 Avoiding avoid VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 csubj _ _ 2 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 contact contact NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 proves prove VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 8 nsubj _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 8 lying lie VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **avoid** | gerund | | eye contact | | | | | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent contact=Location | | 2 | **prove** | present | Avoiding | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **lie** | present · progressive | someone | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4} No single body sign proves that someone is lying ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:e1:o4:1 # text = No single body sign proves that someone is lying 1 No no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 2 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 sign sign NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 proves prove VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 7 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 9 nsubj _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 lying lie VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prove** | present | no single body sign | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **lie** | present · progressive | someone | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Telling when someone may be lying, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/t19/) - next →: [Telling when someone may be lying, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/e2/) - ↑ back to [Telling when someone may be lying](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/)