--- title: she swore cross my heart so it must be true — Telling when someone may be lying · tree and pragmatics description: she swore cross my heart so it must be true Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/t11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Telling when someone may be lying](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/) / t11 # Test 11 · ★★ · Telling when someone may be lying she swore cross my heart so it must be true **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** she, heart · **What happens:** swear, cross, be · **To what, where:** heart This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/#t11). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:t11:1 # text = she swore cross my heart so it must be true 1 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 swore swear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 xcomp _ _ 4 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 8 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 10 cop _ _ 10 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swear** | past | she | | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **cross** | infinitive | she *not said here* | my heart | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | | 3 | **is** | must | heart | | | | | true *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Yes, nobody would ever lie after saying cross my heart ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:t11:o1:1 # text = Yes, nobody would ever lie after saying cross my heart 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 6 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 6 nsubj _ _ 4 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 5 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 6 advmod _ _ 6 lie lie VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 after after SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 8 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 9 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 ccomp _ _ 10 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lie** | would | nobody | | | | ever | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | nobody *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **cross** | infinitive | | my heart | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} Yes, that's a real promise ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:t11:o2:1 # text = Yes, that's a real promise 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 7 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 promise promise NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | that | a real promise | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3} No, swearing hard doesn't make it more true ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:t11:o3:1 # text = No, swearing hard doesn't make it more true 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 3 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 swearing swear VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 csubj _ _ 4 hard hard ADV RB Degree=Pos 3 advmod _ _ 5 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 6 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _ 7 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _ 9 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 10 amod _ _ 10 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swear** | gerund | | | | | | hard *property* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **not** **make** | present · do-support | swearing | it | | | | true *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | ### Option 4 {#o4} Only if she said it twice ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying:t11:o4:1 # text = Only if she said it twice 1 Only only ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 if if SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 3 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ _ 6 twice twice ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 4 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she | it | | | | twice *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Telling when someone may be lying, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/t10/) - next →: [Telling when someone may be lying, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/t12/) - ↑ back to [Telling when someone may be lying](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/)