---
title: my mate says Harry borrowed a game 3 months ago n "lost" it, he alwa… — Promises · tree and pragmatics
description: my mate says Harry borrowed a game 3 months ago n "lost" it, he always does that, he's a thief Test 18 · ★ of lesson 199 «Promises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 18 · ★ · Promises

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
my mate says Harry borrowed a game 3 months ago n "lost" it, he always does that, he's a thief

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, Harry · **What happens:** say, borrow, n, lose, do, be · **To what, where:** game, mate, that, thief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 18 · ★ of lesson 199 «Promises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/199-promises/#t18).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:199-promises:t18:1
# text = my mate says Harry borrowed a game 3 months ago n "lost" it, he always does that, he's a thief
1	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Harry	Harry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	n	n	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	19	advmod	_	_
19	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | my mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **borrow** | past | Harry | a game |  |  | month |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |
| 3 | **n** | present | Harry *not said here* | mate |  |  |  | ago *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **lose** *in a quote* | participle | Harry *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **do** | present | Harry | that |  |  |  | always *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 6 | **is a** | present | Harry | a thief |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Borrowed things never need returning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:199-promises:t18:o1:1
# text = Borrowed things never need returning
1	Borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	returning	return	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **need** | present | Borrowed things |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **return** *not said to happen* | gerund | Borrowed things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, call him a thief at school

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:199-promises:t18:o2:1
# text = Yes, call him a thief at school
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | imperative | you *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  | at school | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme PP.recipient PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent he=Theme at school=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Steal something of his back

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:199-promises:t18:o3:1
# text = Steal something of his back
1	Steal	steal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | imperative | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location something=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's unkind to call him a thief; the lesson is to return borrowed things on time

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:199-promises:t18:o4:1
# text = It's unkind to call him a thief; the lesson is to return borrowed things on time
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
15	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | to-infinitive |  |  | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | present | the lesson |  |  |  | time | return *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **borrow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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