---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a person uses his own cup or… — Sharing, sleep and safe food · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a person uses his own cup or bottle. Exam question 1 of lesson 209 «Sharing, sleep and safe food» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Sharing, sleep and safe food

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a person uses his own cup or bottle.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, person · **What happens:** identify, use · **To what, where:** principal reason, own cup

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 209 «Sharing, sleep and safe food» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a person uses his own cup or bottle.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | a person | person's own cup or bottle |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent cup=Theme for which=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharing a cup causes the drink to taste different

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food:e1:o1:1
# text = Sharing a cup causes the drink to taste different
1	Sharing	share	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	taste	taste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
9	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | gerund |  | a cup |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | Sharing | the drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **taste** | to-infinitive | the drink *not said here* |  |  |  |  | different *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shared cups render drinks less cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food:e1:o2:1
# text = Shared cups render drinks less cold
1	Shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	render	render	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **render** | present | Shared cups | drinks |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cups belong exclusively to their owners by law in most countries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food:e1:o3:1
# text = Cups belong exclusively to their owners by law in most countries
1	Cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	owners	owner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | Cups |  |  | most countries |  | to Cups's owners; by law; exclusively *property* | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colds, influenza and cold sores are spread through saliva

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food:e1:o4:1
# text = Colds, influenza and cold sores are spread through saliva
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	influenza	influenza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sores	sore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present · passive |  | Colds and influenza and cold sores |  | saliva |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme through saliva=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Sharing, sleep and safe food, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food/t19/)
- next →: [Sharing, sleep and safe food, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Sharing, sleep and safe food](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/209-sharing-sleep-and-safe-food/)