---
title: Which of these is a warning sign that a dog may bite? — Reading a dog's body language · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of these is a warning sign that a dog may bite? Test 5 of lesson 21 «Reading a dog's body language» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · Reading a dog's body language

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of these is a warning sign that a dog may bite?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** dog · **What happens:** be, bite · **To what, where:** warning sign

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This is test 5 of lesson 21 «Reading a dog's body language» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/21-reading-a-dog/#t5).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:21-reading-a-dog:t5:1
# text = Which of these is a warning sign that a dog may bite?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	bite	bite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of a warning sign | tree rules |
| 2 | **bite** | may | a dog | a warning sign *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its body suddenly stiffens and goes still

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:21-reading-a-dog:t5:o1:1
# text = Its body suddenly stiffens and goes still
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	stiffens	stiffen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stiffen** | present | Its body |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **go** | present | Its body *not said here* |  |  |  | still |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its body is loose and wiggly all over, like jelly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:21-reading-a-dog:t5:o2:1
# text = Its body is loose and wiggly all over, like jelly
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	wiggly	wiggly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	over	over	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Its body |  |  |  |  | loose, over *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Its body *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rolls over to play

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:21-reading-a-dog:t5:o3:1
# text = It rolls over to play
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rolls	roll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll over** | present | It |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It wags its tail with its whole bottom

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:21-reading-a-dog:t5:o4:1
# text = It wags its tail with its whole bottom
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wags	wag	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wag** | present | It | its tail |  |  |  | with tail's whole bottom | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Reading a dog's body language, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/21-reading-a-dog/t4/)
- next →: [Reading a dog's body language, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/21-reading-a-dog/t6/)
- ↑ back to [Reading a dog's body language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/21-reading-a-dog/)