---
title: Which of the following constitutes the appropriate manner of borrowi… — Good manners on buses and trains, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following constitutes the appropriate manner of borrowing a ruler from a classmate? Exam question 2 of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each
---

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# Exam question 2 · Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following constitutes the appropriate manner of borrowing a ruler from a classmate?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** appropriate manner · **What happens:** follow, constitute, borrow · **To what, where:** appropriate manner, ruler, classmate

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e2:1
# text = Which of the following constitutes the appropriate manner of borrowing a ruler from a classmate?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	nsubj	_	_
5	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	classmate	classmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **constitute** | present |  | the appropriate manner |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme manner=Pivot |
| 3 | **borrow** | gerund | the appropriate manner *not said here* | a ruler |  | a classmate |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent ruler=Theme from classmate=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take it quietly while the classmate is out of the room

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e2:o1:1
# text = To take it quietly while the classmate is out of the room
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	classmate	classmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the classmate |  |  | the room |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To ask «May I borrow…?» and await consent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e2:o2:1
# text = To ask «May I borrow…?» and await consent
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	May	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	borrow	borrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	…	…	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	await	await	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	consent	consent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **borrow** *in a quote* | may | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **await** | infinitive |  | consent |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take it if the classmate has two

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e2:o3:1
# text = To take it if the classmate has two
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	classmate	classmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the classmate | two |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent two=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take it and return it later unasked

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e2:o4:1
# text = To take it and return it later unasked
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	return	return	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	unasked	unasked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **return** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | unasked *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Good manners on buses and trains, and…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/e1/)
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