--- title: Ascertain the proper course where a borrowed item has been lost or b… — Good manners on buses and trains, and… · tree and pragmatics description: Ascertain the proper course where a borrowed item has been lost or broken. Exam question 4 of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Good manners on buses and trains, and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things Ascertain the proper course where a borrowed item has been lost or broken. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, borrow, lose, break · **To what, where:** proper course, borrowed item This is exam question 4 of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e4:1 # text = Ascertain the proper course where a borrowed item has been lost or broken. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 proper proper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 course course NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 11 advmod _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 borrowed borrow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 amod _ _ 8 item item NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 lost lose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl:relcl _ _ 12 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the proper course | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic | | 2 | **borrow** | participle | | | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive | | a borrowed item | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | | 4 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} The owner is informed, an apology made and replacement offered ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e4:o1:1 # text = The owner is informed, an apology made and replacement offered 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 owner owner NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 informed inform VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 apology apology NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 ccomp _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 replacement replacement NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 offered offer VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **inform** *speech: other* | present · passive | | the owner | | | | | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 2 | **make** | participle · passive | | a apology | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 3 | **offer** | participle | | replacement *not said here* | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} Another item is substituted secretly ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e4:o2:1 # text = Another item is substituted secretly 1 Another another DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 item item NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 substituted substitute VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 secretly secretly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **substitute** | present · passive | | another item | | | | secretly *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: subject=Location | ### Option 3 {#o3} The owner is blamed for lending it ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e4:o3:1 # text = The owner is blamed for lending it 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 owner owner NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 blamed blame VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 for for SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 lending lend VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 7 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **blame** | present · passive | | the owner | | | | | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **lend** | gerund | | owner | | | | | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} The matter is concealed from the owner ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:e4:o4:1 # text = The matter is concealed from the owner 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 matter matter NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 concealed conceal VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 owner owner NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **conceal** | present · passive | | the matter | | the owner | | | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Patient from owner=Beneficiary | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Good manners on buses and trains, and…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/e3/) - next →: [Compliments and respecting differences, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/226-compliments-and-respecting-differences/t1/) - ↑ back to [Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/)