---
title: Sam borrows his friend's football and accidentally kicks it into a r… — Good manners on buses and trains, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Sam borrows his friend's football and accidentally kicks it into a river. What should he do? Test 5 · ★ of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Test 5 · ★ · Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam borrows his friend's football and accidentally kicks it into a river. What should he do?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Sam · **What happens:** borrow, kick, do · **To what, where:** football, river

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sam borrows his friend's football and accidentally kicks it into a river.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:t5:1
# text = Sam borrows his friend's football and accidentally kicks it into a river.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	borrows	borrow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	accidentally	accidentally	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	kicks	kick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | present | Sam | Sam's friend's football |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme |
| 2 | **kick** | present | Sam *not said here* | football |  |  |  | into a river *result*; accidentally *property* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent it=Patient into river=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should he do?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:t5:2
# text = What should he do?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | should | Sam |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say someone else must have taken it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:t5:o1:1
# text = Say someone else must have taken it
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
3	else	else	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	ccomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | must · perfect | someone | it |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell his friend, say sorry and offer to replace it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:t5:o2:1
# text = Tell his friend, say sorry and offer to replace it
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	offer	offer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	replace	replace	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | his friend |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: apologize* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **offer** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **replace** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | friend |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buy a cheaper ball and say it is the same one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:t5:o3:1
# text = Buy a cheaper ball and say it is the same one
1	Buy	buy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | imperative | you *not said here* | a cheaper ball |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | ball | the same one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep quiet and hope that his friend soon forgets all about it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:225-public-transport-and-borrowing:t5:o4:1
# text = Keep quiet and hope that his friend soon forgets all about it
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	hope	hope	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	forgets	forget	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
10	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hope** | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **forget** | present | his friend |  |  |  |  | about it; all, soon *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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