--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ta… — Understanding cats · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tail held vertically upright by a cat? Exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Understanding cats» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was ri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/23-understanding-cats/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Understanding cats](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/23-understanding-cats/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Understanding cats Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tail held vertically upright by a cat? **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, hold · **To what, where:** tail This is exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Understanding cats» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/23-understanding-cats/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:23-understanding-cats:e1:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tail held vertically upright by a cat? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 held hold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 12 vertically vertically ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 upright upright ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 17 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | a tail | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **hold** | participle | | a tail *not said here* | | | | by a cat; upright *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by cat=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} It constitutes a warning to keep away ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:23-understanding-cats:e1:o1:1 # text = It constitutes a warning to keep away 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 constitutes constitute VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 7 away away ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a warning | | | | | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme warning=Pivot | | 2 | **keep away** | to-infinitive | | | | | | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} It indicates that the cat is frightened ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:23-understanding-cats:e1:o2:1 # text = It indicates that the cat is frightened 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 indicates indicate VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 frightened frighten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **indicate** | present | It | | | | | | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | | 2 | **frighten** | present · passive | | the cat | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3} It constitutes a friendly greeting ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:23-understanding-cats:e1:o3:1 # text = It constitutes a friendly greeting 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 constitutes constitute VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 greeting greeting NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a friendly greeting | | | | | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme greeting=Pivot | ### Option 4 {#o4} It indicates that the cat is in pain ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:23-understanding-cats:e1:o4:1 # text = It indicates that the cat is in pain 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 indicates indicate VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 pain pain NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **indicate** | present | It | | | | | | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot | | 2 | **is** | present | the cat | | | pain | | | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Understanding cats, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/23-understanding-cats/t19/) - next →: [Understanding cats, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/23-understanding-cats/e2/) - ↑ back to [Understanding cats](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/23-understanding-cats/)