---
title: Why is a magnifying glass in sunlight like a tiny fire starter? — Snow, ice and strong sun · tree and pragmatics
description: Why is a magnifying glass in sunlight like a tiny fire starter? Test 4 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Snow, ice and strong sun» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · ★★ · Snow, ice and strong sun

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why is a magnifying glass in sunlight like a tiny fire starter?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** magnify, be · **To what, where:** magnifying glass, sunlight

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This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Snow, ice and strong sun» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:234-snow-ice-and-sun:t4:1
# text = Why is a magnifying glass in sunlight like a tiny fire starter?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	magnifying	magnify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	starter	starter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **magnify** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a magnifying glass |  | sunlight |  | like a tiny fire starter | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It reflects all of the sun back up into the sky

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:234-snow-ice-and-sun:t4:o1:1
# text = It reflects all of the sun back up into the sky
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | It | all |  | the sky |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It makes its own heat from inside the glass

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:234-snow-ice-and-sun:t4:o2:1
# text = It makes its own heat from inside the glass
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | It | its own heat |  | the glass |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset heat=Product from glass=Material |
| 2 | **heat** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It cools down all the air around the glass instead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:234-snow-ice-and-sun:t4:o3:1
# text = It cools down all the air around the glass instead
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool down** | present | It | all air |  | the glass |  | instead *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It gathers sunlight into one very hot spot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:234-snow-ice-and-sun:t4:o4:1
# text = It gathers sunlight into one very hot spot
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gathers	gather	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | present | It | sunlight |  |  |  | into one hot spot | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient into spot=Co-Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Snow, ice and strong sun, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/t3/)
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