---
title: A boy in Sydney borrowed his friend's pencil last week and still has… — Classroom rules and homework · tree and pragmatics
description: A boy in Sydney borrowed his friend's pencil last week and still has it. What should he have done? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 254 «Classroom rules and homework» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was ri
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Classroom rules and homework

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy in Sydney borrowed his friend's pencil last week and still has it. What should he have done?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** borrow, have, do · **To what, where:** pencil

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 254 «Classroom rules and homework» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/254-classroom-rules-and-homework/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A boy in Sydney borrowed his friend's pencil last week and still has it.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:254-classroom-rules-and-homework:t1:1
# text = A boy in Sydney borrowed his friend's pencil last week and still has it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Sydney	Sydney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	still	still	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | past | a boy in Sydney | boy's friend's pencil |  |  | week |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | a boy in Sydney *not said here* | pencil |  |  | still |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should he have done?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:254-classroom-rules-and-homework:t1:2
# text = What should he have done?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | should · perfect | boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lent it to someone else in the class

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:254-classroom-rules-and-homework:t1:o1:1
# text = Lent it to someone else in the class
1	Lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | past |  | it | someone | the class |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to someone=Recipient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Given it back when he finished

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:254-classroom-rules-and-homework:t1:o2:1
# text = Given it back when he finished
1	Given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give back** | participle | he *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **finish** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kept it, since it is only a pencil and pencils are cheap

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:254-classroom-rules-and-homework:t1:o3:1
# text = Kept it, since it is only a pencil and pencils are cheap
1	Kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | a pencil and pencils |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cheap *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swapped it for a worse one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:254-classroom-rules-and-homework:t1:o4:1
# text = Swapped it for a worse one
1	Swapped	swap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swap** | past |  | it |  |  |  | for a worse one | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme for one=Co-Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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