---
title: An older boy in Melbourne threatens a younger boy and takes his lunc… — Prices, change, borrowing and lending · tree and pragmatics
description: An older boy in Melbourne threatens a younger boy and takes his lunch money. Why must the younger boy tell an adult? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 262 «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each 
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · Prices, change, borrowing and lending

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An older boy in Melbourne threatens a younger boy and takes his lunch money. Why must the younger boy tell an adult?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** older boy, younger boy · **What happens:** threaten, take, tell · **To what, where:** younger boy, lunch money, adult · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 262 «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* An older boy in Melbourne threatens a younger boy and takes his lunch money.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing:t7:1
# text = An older boy in Melbourne threatens a younger boy and takes his lunch money.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Melbourne	Melbourne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	threatens	threaten	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **threaten** | present | a older boy in Melbourne | a younger boy |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus boy=Experiencer |
| 2 | **take** | present | a older boy in Melbourne *not said here* | boy's lunch money |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why must the younger boy tell an adult?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing:t7:2
# text = Why must the younger boy tell an adult?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | must | the younger boy |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is his own fault for having money with him at school

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing:t7:o1:1
# text = It is his own fault for having money with him at school
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | his own fault |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | his own fault *not said here* | money |  | school |  | with him *= he* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is bullying or theft, and adults must stop it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing:t7:o2:1
# text = It is bullying or theft, and adults must stop it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	bullying	bully	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bully** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | must | adults | theft |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He will get double his money back

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing:t7:o3:1
# text = He will get double his money back
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | future | He | double |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent double=Beneficiary money=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The older boy will apologise at once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:262-prices-change-and-borrowing:t7:o4:1
# text = The older boy will apologise at once
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	apologise	apologise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apologise** *speech: apologize* | future | the older boy |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Prices, change, borrowing and lending, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/t6/)
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