---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a pedestrian alighting from… — Crash forces, school buses and public… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a pedestrian alighting from a bus is required to defer crossing until the vehicle has departed. Exam question 2 of lesson 269 «Crash forces, school buses and public buses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/269-school-buses-and-public-buses/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Crash forces, school buses and public…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/269-school-buses-and-public-buses/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · Crash forces, school buses and public buses

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a pedestrian alighting from a bus is required to defer crossing until the vehicle has departed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, pedestrian, vehicle · **What happens:** identify, alight, require, defer, cross, depart · **To what, where:** principal reason, bus, pedestrian

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 269 «Crash forces, school buses and public buses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/269-school-buses-and-public-buses/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a pedestrian alighting from a bus is required to defer crossing until the vehicle has departed.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	alighting	alight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	defer	defer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
18	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	departed	depart	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **alight** | gerund | a pedestrian *not said here* |  |  | a bus |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **require** | present · passive |  | a pedestrian |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **defer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **cross** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **depart** | present · perfect | the vehicle |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buses customarily reverse upon leaving each stop

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e2:o1:1
# text = Buses customarily reverse upon leaving each stop
1	Buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	customarily	customarily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	reverse	reverse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | present | Buses |  |  |  |  | customarily *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | Buses *not said here* | each stop |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stop=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exhaust fumes render the area behind a bus impassable

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e2:o2:1
# text = Exhaust fumes render the area behind a bus impassable
1	Exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fumes	fume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	render	render	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	impassable	impassable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | Exhaust fumes | the area |  | a bus |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The driver is obliged to supervise every crossing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e2:o3:1
# text = The driver is obliged to supervise every crossing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	supervise	supervise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oblige** | present · passive |  | the driver |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 2 | **supervise** | to-infinitive |  | every crossing |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent crossing=Eventuality |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vehicle conceals the pedestrian from traffic and vice versa

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e2:o4:1
# text = The vehicle conceals the pedestrian from traffic and vice versa
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	conceals	conceal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	vice	vice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	versa	versa	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | present | the vehicle | the pedestrian |  | traffic and vice |  | versa *property* | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent pedestrian=Patient from traffic=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Crash forces, school buses and public…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/269-school-buses-and-public-buses/e1/)
- next →: [Crash forces, school buses and public…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/269-school-buses-and-public-buses/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Crash forces, school buses and public buses](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/269-school-buses-and-public-buses/)