---
title: Whereas it is sometimes asserted that an adult may secure a child up… — Crash forces, school buses and public… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whereas it is sometimes asserted that an adult may secure a child upon the lap during a motor journey, state which proposition is correct. Exam question 4 of lesson 269 «Crash forces, school buses and public buses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmat
---

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# Exam question 4 · Crash forces, school buses and public buses

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whereas it is sometimes asserted that an adult may secure a child upon the lap during a motor journey, state which proposition is correct.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** adult, proposition · **What happens:** assert, secure, be · **To what, where:** it, child

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 269 «Crash forces, school buses and public buses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/269-school-buses-and-public-buses/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e4:1
# text = Whereas it is sometimes asserted that an adult may secure a child upon the lap during a motor journey, state which proposition is correct.
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	asserted	assert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	secure	secure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	during	during	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	23	det	_	_
23	proposition	proposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assert** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **secure** | may | a adult | a child |  |  | during a motor journey and state | upon the lap | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition child=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | which proposition |  |  |  |  | correct *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An adult's arms afford protection superior to a seat belt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e4:o1:1
# text = An adult's arms afford protection superior to a seat belt
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	afford	afford	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	superior	superior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afford** | infinitive | a adult's arms | protection |  |  |  | superior *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Collisions exert only modest forces upon passengers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e4:o2:1
# text = Collisions exert only modest forces upon passengers
1	Collisions	collision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exert	exert	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	modest	modest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exert** | present | Collisions | modest forces |  |  |  | upon passengers | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lap is adequate restraint upon short journeys at modest speed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e4:o3:1
# text = A lap is adequate restraint upon short journeys at modest speed
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	adequate	adequate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	journeys	journey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	modest	modest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lap | adequate restraint |  |  |  | upon short journeys at modest speed | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a collision the forces exceed what any adult's arms can restrain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:269-school-buses-and-public-buses:e4:o4:1
# text = In a collision the forces exceed what any adult's arms can restrain
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	exceed	exceed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	restrain	restrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exceed** | present | the forces |  |  | a collision |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **restrain** | can | any adult's arms |  |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer what=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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