---
title: A family walking in Devon finds cows with calves in the field. Their… — Farm animals and horses · tree and pragmatics
description: A family walking in Devon finds cows with calves in the field. Their dog is on a lead. What is wise? Test 4 of lesson 28 «Farm animals and horses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · Farm animals and horses

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A family walking in Devon finds cows with calves in the field. Their dog is on a lead. What is wise?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** family, dog · **What happens:** walk, find, be · **To what, where:** Devon, cows, field, lead

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 28 «Farm animals and horses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/28-farm-animals-and-horses/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A family walking in Devon finds cows with calves in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:28-farm-animals-and-horses:t4:1
# text = A family walking in Devon finds cows with calves in the field.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Devon	Devon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund | a family *not said here* |  |  | Devon |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in devon=Trajectory |
| 2 | **find** | present | a family | cows |  | the field |  | with calves | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Their dog is on a lead.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:28-farm-animals-and-horses:t4:2
# text = Their dog is on a lead.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | calves's dog |  |  | a lead |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What is wise?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:28-farm-animals-and-horses:t4:3
# text = What is wise?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wise *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walk right through the middle of the herd

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:28-farm-animals-and-horses:t4:o1:1
# text = Walk right through the middle of the herd
1	Walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the middle of the herd |  | right *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through middle=Trajectory |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop to stroke the calves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:28-farm-animals-and-horses:t4:o2:1
# text = Stop to stroke the calves
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	stroke	stroke	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stroke** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the calves |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Experiencer |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walk calmly round the edge, keeping well away from the calves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:28-farm-animals-and-horses:t4:o3:1
# text = Walk calmly round the edge, keeping well away from the calves
1	Walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	calmly	calmly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	round	round	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the edge |  | calmly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round edge=Trajectory |
| 2 | **keep** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let the dog run to chase the cows

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:28-farm-animals-and-horses:t4:o4:1
# text = Let the dog run to chase the cows
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | the dog |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | infinitive | the dog *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **chase** | to-infinitive | the dog *not said here* | the cows |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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