---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Illusions that fool the eye and advert… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phrase «pictures are for illustration» in an advertisement? Exam question 2 of lesson 280 «Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p
---

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# Exam question 2 · Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phrase «pictures are for illustration» in an advertisement?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** pictures · **What happens:** follow, characteris, be · **To what, where:** phrase, advertisement

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 280 «Illusions that fool the eye and adverts that fool the wallet» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/280-illusions-and-adverts/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phrase «pictures are for illustration» in an advertisement?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	illustration	illustration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	advertisement	advertisement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the phrase |  | a advertisement |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | pictures |  |  |  |  | for illustration | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The picture is a photograph of the very item sold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts:e2:o1:1
# text = The picture is a photograph of the very item sold
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the picture | a photograph |  |  |  | of the item | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | participle |  | the item *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The actual product may do less than is shown

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts:e2:o2:1
# text = The actual product may do less than is shown
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	5	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | may | the actual product |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | present · passive | the actual product *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V» |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The product is guaranteed to match the picture

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts:e2:o3:1
# text = The product is guaranteed to match the picture
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	match	match	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guarantee** | present · passive |  | the product |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V NP that S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **match** | to-infinitive |  | the picture |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The picture shows a larger model sold separately

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:280-illusions-and-adverts:e2:o4:1
# text = The picture shows a larger model sold separately
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	separately	separately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the picture |  | a larger model |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent model=Recipient |
| 2 | **sell** | participle |  | a larger model *not said here* |  |  |  | separately *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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