---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a chain message threatening… — Chain messages, lures and scam messages · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a chain message threatening misfortune need not be forwarded. Exam question 2 of lesson 282 «Chain messages, lures and scam messages» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; M
---

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# Exam question 2 · Chain messages, lures and scam messages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a chain message threatening misfortune need not be forwarded.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, chain message · **What happens:** identify, threaten, not forward · **To what, where:** principal reason, misfortune, chain message

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 282 «Chain messages, lures and scam messages» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/282-chain-messages-lures-and-scam-messages/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:282-chain-messages-lures-and-scam-messages:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a chain message threatening misfortune need not be forwarded.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	threatening	threaten	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	need	need	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	forwarded	forward	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **threaten** | gerund | a chain message *not said here* | misfortune |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus misfortune=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **forward** | present · passive |  | a chain message |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Forwarding it incurs a charge to the sender of the original message

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:282-chain-messages-lures-and-scam-messages:e2:o1:1
# text = Forwarding it incurs a charge to the sender of the original message
1	Forwarding	forward	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	incurs	incur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sender	sender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forward** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **incur** | present | Forwarding | a charge |  |  |  | to the sender of the original message | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The message expires after a single day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:282-chain-messages-lures-and-scam-messages:e2:o2:1
# text = The message expires after a single day
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	expires	expire	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expire** | present | the message |  |  |  | day |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No misfortune results from declining to forward it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:282-chain-messages-lures-and-scam-messages:e2:o3:1
# text = No misfortune results from declining to forward it
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
2	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	declining	decline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	forward	forward	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | gerund | no misfortune results *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **forward** | to-infinitive | no misfortune results *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only messages bearing a logo need be forwarded

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:282-chain-messages-lures-and-scam-messages:e2:o4:1
# text = Only messages bearing a logo need be forwarded
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	logo	logo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	forwarded	forward	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | gerund | messages *not said here* | a logo |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent logo=Patient |
| 2 | **need** | present | messages |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **forward** *not said to happen* | infinitive · passive | messages *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP» |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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