---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Facts, opinions, clickbait and saying… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between a fact and an opinion? Exam question 1 of lesson 284 «Facts, opinions, clickbait and saying no to dares» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 1 · Facts, opinions, clickbait and saying no to dares

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between a fact and an opinion?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** distinction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 284 «Facts, opinions, clickbait and saying no to dares» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between a fact and an opinion?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the distinction |  |  |  | of the following statements; between a fact and a opinion; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An opinion may be proven by repetition

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares:e1:o1:1
# text = An opinion may be proven by repetition
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	repetition	repetition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | may · passive | repetition | a opinion |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An opinion becomes a fact when widely shared

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares:e1:o2:1
# text = An opinion becomes a fact when widely shared
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	widely	widely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | a opinion | a fact |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **share** | participle | a opinion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | widely *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fact may be verified, whereas an opinion expresses what someone thinks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares:e1:o3:1
# text = A fact may be verified, whereas an opinion expresses what someone thinks
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	verified	verify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	expresses	express	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
13	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **verify** | may · passive |  | a fact |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **express** | present | a opinion |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fact is any statement that has been printed in a newspaper

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares:e1:o4:1
# text = A fact is any statement that has been printed in a newspaper
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fact | any statement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **print** | present · perfect · passive |  | any statement |  | a newspaper |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in newspaper=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Facts, opinions, clickbait and saying…, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares/t19/)
- next →: [Facts, opinions, clickbait and saying…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Facts, opinions, clickbait and saying no to dares](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/284-facts-opinions-and-saying-no-to-dares/)