--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Wild birds, bats and germs from animals · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the carrying of germs by animals? Exam question 1 of lesson 29 «Wild birds, bats and germs from animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/29-germs-from-animals/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Wild birds, bats and germs from animals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/29-germs-from-animals/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Wild birds, bats and germs from animals Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the carrying of germs by animals? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, carry This is exam question 1 of lesson 29 «Wild birds, bats and germs from animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/29-germs-from-animals/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:29-germs-from-animals:e1:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the carrying of germs by animals? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 carrying carry VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 13 by by ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **carry** | gerund | | | | | | of germs; by animals | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent of germ=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Only wild animals ever carry germs ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:29-germs-from-animals:e1:o1:1 # text = Only wild animals ever carry germs 1 Only only ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 5 advmod _ _ 5 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **carry** | present | wild animals | germs | | | ever | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Animals may carry germs harmful to people even whilst appearing healthy ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:29-germs-from-animals:e1:o2:1 # text = Animals may carry germs harmful to people even whilst appearing healthy 1 Animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 4 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 harmful harmful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 even even ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 9 whilst whilst SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 10 appearing appear VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 11 healthy healthy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 xcomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **carry** | may | Animals | germs | people | | | harmful *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent germ=Theme to people=Destination | | 2 | **appear** | gerund | Animals *not said here* | | | | | healthy *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} Only animals that appear ill carry germs ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:29-germs-from-animals:e1:o3:1 # text = Only animals that appear ill carry germs 1 Only only ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 3 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 4 nsubj _ _ 4 appear appear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 5 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ _ 6 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **appear** | present | animals | | | | | ill *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **carry** | present | animals | germs | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} Germs from animals cannot affect people ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:29-germs-from-animals:e1:o4:1 # text = Germs from animals cannot affect people 1 Germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 2 from from ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 affect affect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **affect** | can | Germs from animals | people | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Wild birds, bats and germs from animals, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/29-germs-from-animals/t19/) - next →: [Wild birds, bats and germs from animals, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/29-germs-from-animals/e2/) - ↑ back to [Wild birds, bats and germs from animals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/29-germs-from-animals/)